Mining can adversely affect the quantity and quality of groundwater and surface water in mining areas (Bebbington and Williams 2008; Vidic et al. 2013), threatening the sustainability of water resources (Yang et al. 2013) and the public health of local residents (Li et al. 2016; Wu and Sun 2016).Ecological degradation and health …
Open-pit coal mining produces a large amount of solid waste substances that contain heavy metal ions that can enter the surface layer of soil under the action of rainwater intrusion and ... Based on the characteristics of surface mining production, the relationship between the lead content around the mining area and road transportation …
Mine waste includes waste rock from below ground mining and surface or strip mining. Overburden is the geologic material on top of strata that are being mined in …
Surface mine tailings are often combined with a binder in a small backfill factory before being transferred to subterranean stopes through gravity and/or pumping [175]. The amount of mining tailings that must be kept in tailings ponds is lessened as a result of this method [175]. It is possible to decrease the challenges associated with mine ...
The main topics that will be discussed in this chapter will include an introduction into the general features of open pit mining, ore body characteristics and configurations, stripping ratios and ...
Waste Characteristics. Mine waste may arise in a number of forms: as stripped soil and coarse, broken, partly weathered rock overburden in open cast or strip-mining operations; as unweathered development waste rock in underground mining; and as fine-grained tailings, the residuum of the process of comminution and mineral …
Surface mining deposits can be primarily divided as follows: ... Combined systems with transverse and longitudinal transfer of the overburden rock to waste dumps; they have the characteristic features of both transport and transport-less systems.
On the one side, the operational expenses of mining enterprises are showing an upward trend; and on the other side, conventional mining fleet management systems (FMSs) are falling short in addressing the high-dimensionality, stochasticity, and autonomy needed in increasingly complex operations. These major drivers for change …
Table 1 shows the characteristics of the particles. Table 2 shows the main chemical composition of the tailings at Tong Keng mine, including abundant contents of CaO (35.46%) and SiO 2 (29.37%), as well as small amounts of Pb 2 O 5 (1.19%) and S (2.83%). Waste rock. The waste rocks are mainly composed of limestone and siliceous …
Surface mining; Classification of surface mining methods together with the desired parameters/ conditions suitable for their applications; Open pit mining; Classification of quarrying methods ...
Waste Characteristics. Mine waste may arise in a number of forms: as stripped soil and coarse, broken, partly weathered rock overburden in open cast or strip-mining operations; as unweathered development waste rock in underground mining; and …
Surface mining operations generate excessive waste rocks from overburden, footwall, and hanging wall. These huge waste rocks need to be removed carefully, transported and stacked by scientific and systematic manner at safe location. 4. Loss of production due to extreme summer and winter rain, and snow.
Mining waste is produced by the extraction and processing of mineral resources, and through carbon mineralisation, mine waste traps excess carbon dioxide. …
Surface Mining. Surface mining allows extraction of ores that are close to Earth's surface. Overlying rock is blasted and the rock that contains the valuable minerals is placed in a truck and taken to a refinery. As pictured in Figure below, surface mining includes open-pit mining and mountaintop removal. Other methods of surface mining ...
In light of the gaps observed in the existing solid electro-electronic waste management, as highlighted by Xavier et al. (2023), Gaur et al. (2023), Erdiaw-Kwasie et al. (2024), the current study sets out to achieve the following specific objectives: 1) Scrutinize the state of the art of e-waste and urban mining practices, as documented in the ...
Abstract Coal is the cheapest and thus the preferred energy source in developing countries. A huge volume of coal mine waste rock, which is known as overburden (OB), is generated due to the surface mining of coal. Due to convenience and the restricted ... Practical Applications The question of how to replace traditional …
The mineralogical and chemical characterizations of mining wastes are useful in forecasting geotechnical properties (particle size and structure, plasticity, bulk …
Soils constructed from mine waste can help mitigate future mining-related carbon dioxide emissions by as much as 1 Gt CO2eq in Brazil through supporting ecosystem carbon stock recovery, suggest ...
Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional cone-shaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a near-surface, nonselective and low-grade zones …
Waste dumps generated from mining that exposes sulfur-bearing overburden can be active sources of acid generation with the potential to severely contaminate soils, surface and groundwater, and endanger both local and downstream ecosystems. A waste rock management strategy ensure that disposal of such material …
The global mining waste management market is estimated to grow from $172.60bn in 2021 to $208.33bn in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate of 2.7%. The market for mining waste management divides waste into two types, solid and liquid wastes. The Asia Pacific region produced the largest amount of mining waste, …
Mining is the process of extracting useful materials from the earth. Some examples of substances that are mined include coal, gold, or iron ore.Iron . ore is the material from which the metal iron is produced.. The process of mining dates back to prehistoric times.. Prehistoric people first mined flint, which was ideal for tools and …
There are five recognized types of surface mining, each with specific variations depending on the minerals being extracted. These include strip mining, open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, dredging and highwall mining. ... When it's no longer economical to operate an open-pit mine, it's commonly converted to a landfill or waste disposal site.
Mining wastes, particularly in the form of waste rocks and tailings, can have major social and environmental impacts. There is a need for comprehensive long-term strategies for transforming the mining industry to move toward zero environmental footprint. "How can the mining industry create new economic value, minimise its social and …
Surface mining speeds up erosion and sedimentation and short duration, high intensity storms can be a violent force moving thousands of tons of soil. ... Geochemical data related to environmental studies show that the waste characteristics favor solubilization and mobilization of inorganic contaminants and in some cases the …
The shape of a mineral deposit fundamentally determines the shape of the pit; the physical characteristics of the mineral and waste determine the choice of machines, see Mario . In summary, the factors affecting layout are: ... The on-slope-deep method of surface mining combines the characteristic features of the 2nd and 3rd …
Management of solid waste and protecting the ecological balance of the region are key challenges that the coal mining industry has to face. This study evaluated the effect of solid waste backfilling mining on the overlying strata movement and surface deformation variation pattern in slice mining. The mechanical characteristics of …
A beaker that contains 300 ml of water was placed in a water bath with a temperature that was adjusted to 85 °C, the CMC extracted from the waste paper was slowly and evenly dispersed into the water; and the product was gelatinized for 30 min with the protection of nitrogen 60 °C after gelatinization (Cheng et al., 2019 a).A certain …
Works on the sustainable management of mining waste were in the minority, but it is an area of research that has considerable potential given the growing social awareness of the environmental ...
Surface mining is a mining process where the rocks and soil overlying the mineral deposits are removed. It is often the preferred form of mining for most mining companies. This is because removing the terrain surface, …
The failure form of overburden and surface is an important basis for developing mining damage control and ecological restoration measures. For high-intensity mining, the failure forms were divided into three categories to analyse the breaking law of key strata, the form of structural instability, the development characteristics of water …
Overburden removal frequently constitutes a large fraction, often the largest fraction, of solid "waste" associated with surface mining . A second source of solid wastes is the products that result from the processing of the ore. ... Depending on the waste characteristics and properties, a variety of environmental and health concerns may be ...
Director - The Director, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, or the Director's representative. Disturbed Area - An area where vegetation, topsoil, or overburden is removed or upon which topsoil, spoil, coal processing waste, underground development waste, or non-coal waste is placed by surface coal mining operations.