High-arsenic copper concentrates
These smelters will charge a penalty to treat high-As concentrate, while Tsumeb charges higher TCs to treat complex concentrates. "In the past, Godfrey and Nicholas-Herreschoff roasters …
Full article: The Direct Leaching of Nickel Sulfide Flotation
Two different flotation concentrates were trialed for bioleaching that differed in terms of their nickel and arsenic contents, the first concentrate graded 10.5% Ni and 1.3% As and was obtained as a by-product of talc processing, the second concentrate was produced from reverse flotation of the first concentrate and graded 14.3% Ni and 15.4% …
Arsenic in Copper Concentrate
In a certain case study of "high" Arsenic in Copper Concentrate (almost 0.5% As) produced by flotation, and where the Cu Conc is mostly chalcopyrite and therefore the main form of copper; the content of secondary copper minerals was variable. ... Tennantite/enargite contributes to elevated levels of arsenic, which may incur smelter …
Arsenic Removal from Lead Concentrate-Containing …
Arsenic is one of the most hazardous pollutants for both environment and human health [1, 2], generated from the mining activity for processing of different ores such as lead, zinc, copper, gold, and nickel [3,4,5].Therefore, arsenic should be captured and stabilized by strict control to prevent any destructive effects in the environment [6, 7].As …
A novel optimal formula of nickel extraction: arsenic …
Objective: Niccolite, a rare nickel arsenide mineral, has emerged as a promising source for nickel extraction. However, its processing is limited and often associated with toxicity concerns.
The Direct Leaching of Nickel Sulfide Flotation Concentrates …
The extraction of nickel (Ni) from sulfide resources commences with flotation to produce a concentrate which is then smelted to produce a nickel-enriched phase called matte, and further refined to ...
Penalty element separation from copper concentrates …
This thesis will focus on the separation of the deleterious elements, also known as penalty elements, mainly bismuth and arsenic from a copper concentrate using froth flotation techniques. The ability to separate penalty elements from copper concentrates will directly benefit mining companies by creating a final copper concentrate that will ...
NICKEL AND NICKEL COMPOUNDS
Nickel and nickel compounds were considered by previous IARC Working Groups in 1972, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1987, and 1989 (IARC, 1973, 1976, 1979, 1982, 1987, 1990). Since that time, new data have become available, these have been incorporated in the Monograph, and taken into consideration in the present evaluation.
OneMine | Arsenic Removal From A Nickel Concentrate
Roasting treatments were investigated to remove arsenic from a nickel concentrate. The main arsenic minerals and their proportions in the concentrate were …
Fluxing Optimisation and Control Improvements at the Kalgoorlie Nickel
The primary function of flash smelting is upgrading sulphide concentrate through oxidation then removal of impurities (primarily FeO, SO 2 and MgO) by separation of the slag and gas phases from the enriched sulphide stream (nickel matte) at temperatures in excess of 1300 °C. Flux must be added to allow the formation of a …
Bioleaching of flotation by-products of talc production …
The effect of different pulp densities of nickel flotation concentrate on the extraction of nickel (a), cobalt (b), arsenic (c), ferrous iron (d), total dissolved iron (e) and on redox potentials (f) in continuously stirred tank reactors at a pH of 3.0 and at 27 °C. Numbers by charts are the final yields (%) of nickel and cobalt after 56 days.
Minerals | Free Full-Text | Awaruite, a New Large Nickel …
Rougher, followed by cleaner stages of flotation, showed that a high-grade concentrate can be produced with up to 45% nickel, 1.3% cobalt, 0.7% copper and negligible concentrations of penalty elements, such as …
PYROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES …
pyrometallurgical pre-treatment to remove the arsenic from enargite concentrates by volatilization. The tinal product of the arsenic must be in a stable disposable form. Numerous studies on the use of roasting and smelting have been published for enargite concentrate treatment [9,10, 11].
The Whys and Wherefores of Penalty Elements in …
Some mining operations with high arsenic in concentrate have installed roasters to remove arsenic before the concentrate is shipped to reduce the effect of the penalties (Smith et al., 1985). Despite its problems, a certain amount of arsenic in the copper anodes aids copper refining by reducing floating slimes in electrorefining cells.
China to tighten import thresholds for impurities in metal …
For instance, the maximum arsenic content allowed in copper concentrate has been lowered to 0.4% from 0.5%; the level allowed in lead concentrate has been lowered from 0.7% to 0.6%; and that for zinc concentrate has been capped at 0.4%, compared with the current 0.6%. ... Fastmarkets has amended the -NI-0256 nickel …
Bioleaching of flotation by-products of talc production …
In shake flasks, nickel and cobalt were over 99% dissolved from a nickel-rich flotation concentrate (NFC) and an arsenic rich flotation concentrate (GFC) around pH 3.0. During bioleaching of NFC (10% pulp density), arsenic remained below 20 mg/l and dissolved iron reached a maximum of 3.6 g/l.
Mineral Concentrate Marketing – Treatment Charges
Abnormal flux balances may affect the situation; in fact, one smelter assesses a small penalty for iron and another penalizes silica in excess of 35%. The …
Processing of Complex Materials in the Copper Industry
The impact of a small increase in the tonnes of high-arsenic concentrates is illustrated in Fig. 10.28 Because of the more than tenfold higher arsenic units per unit of concentrate, what appears to be a small increase in the amount of high-arsenic concentrates forecast in Mayhew et al.28 almost doubles the arsenic units at smelting. …
Analysis of Impurities in Nickel
Nickel's (Ni) corrosion resistance and strength at both high and low temperatures have led to it being one of the most frequently utilized metals. ... Arsenic Standard, 1000 mg/L: N9300180 (125 mL) N9300102 (500 mL) Bismuth Standard, 1000 mg/L: N9303761 (125 mL) N9300105 (500 mL) Cobalt Standard, 1000 mg/L:
A review of copper–arsenic mineral removal from copper concentrates
The onus is to move back to concentrate producers to remove toxic elements, such as arsenic, earlier in the concentrate supply chain. The common copper–arsenic bearing minerals in copper ores, enargite (Cu 3 AsS 4 ) and tennantite (Cu 12 As 4 S 13 ), contain significant amounts of copper; 48.4% and 51.6% respectively.
Revenue Calculations and Marketing
the concentrate. The percentages for the AMV can be considerably less once realisation costs are taken into account, particularly for mines in remote locations. This chapter deals with the estimation of revenue derived from a variety of mineral products. Realisation costs and general matters related to smelter terms and the sale of
Nickel: Human Health and Environmental Toxicology
2. Chemical Form, Properties and Sources of Nickel Compounds. Nickel (Ni; atomic number 28, atomic weight 58.6934; density 8908 kg/m 3; melting point 1455 °C; boiling point 2913 °C; electronic configuration [Ar] 3d 8 4s 2) belongs to group 10 of periodic table along with iron, cobalt, palladium, platinum and five other elements.Nickel is the …
ISO 13547-2:2014
ISO 13547-2:2014 specifies an acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric (ICP-AES) method for the determination of the mass fraction of arsenic in copper, lead, zinc, and nickel sulfide concentrates as follows: for copper sulfide concentrates, the method is applicable to the determination of mass fractions of arsenic …
Full article: The Direct Leaching of Nickel Sulfide Flotation
Leaching of the same finely ground copper-nickel concentrate using thermophilic archaea at 77°C and pH 1.3–1.4 resulted in extraction of 92% of the Cu …
OneMine | Arsenic Removal From A Nickel Concentrate
Roasting treatments were investigated to remove arsenic from a nickel concentrate. The main arsenic minerals and their proportions in the concentrate were niccolite (NiAs)-50%, gersdorffite (NiAsS)-40% and arsenopyrite (FeAsS)-10%. Thermal analysis showed that gersdorffite and niccolite began decomposing when heated above …
Continuous Bioleaching of Arsenic-Containing Copper …
flotation to concentrate copper and/or other valuable metals (zinc, lead, nickel), and the resulting concentrates are then processed by roasting, smelting and converting. High- ... to obtain concentrate without arsenic, which may be processed using pyrometallurgical approaches [4,9–14]. Thus, this process makes it possible to extract ...
Typical copper smelter penalty element costs.
Download Table | Typical copper smelter penalty element costs. from publication: The Application and Economics of Industrial Alkaline Leaching of Copper Enargite Concentrates | As demand for ...
The Whys and Wherefores of Penalty Elements in Copper Concentrates …
It is commonly known that copper smelter terms include penalties if the concentrations of elements, such as arsenic, mercury and fluorine, exceed stipulated limits. It is less commonly known that the behaviour of these elements in the smelters can depend on the processes used to treat the concentrate. The principle behind the penalties is to …
ARSENIC'S BEHAVIOUR AND BENEFITS IN COPPER …
Smelters assess penalties and maximum limits on such elements like arsenic, antimony and bismuth. ... (2014) indicating some of the arsenic in the concentrate is making its way through the smelter to the refinery COM 2014 - Conference of Metallurgists Proceedings ISBN: 978-1-92 Published by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy ...
TWO-STAGE FLUID BED REACTOR FOR ARSENIC REMOVAL AND FIXATION …
Arsenic is often associated with copper, nickel and gold in sulphide deposits. This paper describes a two-stage high-temperature fluid bed reactor for the removal and fixation of As from ores and ...
Processing of Complex Materials in the Copper Industry: …
The impact of a small increase in the tonnes of high-arsenic concentrates is illustrated in Fig. 10.28 Because of the more than tenfold higher arsenic units per unit of concentrate, what appears to be a small increase in the amount of high-arsenic concentrates forecast in Mayhew et al.28 almost doubles the arsenic units at smelting. …
Arsenic-rich Zones in Nickel Sulphide Mineralisation
Arsenic minerals can induce crippling penalties at the smelter, if they are not well characterised and kept out of the nickel sulphide concentrate. To illustrate the accuracy of the scanning results, they are compared to …
THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF IMPURITIES AND …
Nickel – Penalty above 0.2-0.3% and limit of 1% Uranium, Thorium, Polonium and Radionuclides – Various penalties and limits for smelting and international shipping (IAEA)
Biomining in Finland: Commercial Application of Heap and …
The Talvivaara deposit, located in Sotkamo, Finland, is the largest known nickel sulfide deposit in Europe (Riekkola-Vanhanen 2007).The deposit comprises two polymetallic orebodies hosted by a black schist, Kuusilampi and Kolmisoppi, and the size of the resource is estimated to be 1550 million tonnes (Heikkinen and Korte 2019).The …
How The Development of Awaruite Deposits in Canada May …
The U.S. Government (USGS) sees a better way saying: "The development of awaruite deposits in other parts of Canada may help alleviate any prolonged shortage of nickel concentrate. Awaruite, a ...
TONI JAATINEN BIO-OXIDATION AND BIOLEACHING OF …
During bioleaching of nickel concentrate, the highest yields (nickel 60 %, cobalt 49 %) were achieved with the starting pH 1.8 when also iron (28 %) and arsenic (33 %) yields were the highest. At starting pH 3.0, all metal yields (nickel 31 %, cobalt 31 %, iron 12 % and arsenic 11 %) were lower than with starting pH 1.8.